| Published monograph of the Production, Storage, and Exchange (PSE) in a Terraced Environment on the Eastern Andean Escarpment |
Chapter 7 - Footnotes
1Events like the fall of South Vietnam in 1975 affected the movement of gold prices on a short-term basis (The Observer of London, May 1985, p. 13, quoted in Gray [1985]). However, the upward tendency of gold prices was due, among other things, to the world economic recession of 1974-1975, the decreasing value of the dollar until 1980, and high inflation in the U.S. until 1980 (Anikin 1983).
1Puerto Maldonado, the capital city of Madre de Dios Department, is located more than 140 kilometers to the northeast of their mines. It is a place that they rarely or never visit.
2I have reconstructed five types of miners from secondary sources and from my personal experience with Cuyo Cuyeños in Maldonado. My division follows closely the categories that have been described by Aznar and Luna (1982), Gray (1986), Moore (1983), Barclay (1986), CODEHPA (1983), CORDEMAD (1985).
3It is my impression, after visiting the region and talking to the miners, that Puneño people and more specifically Sandinos and Cuyo Cuyeños represent a large percentage of this group.
4CORDEMAD (1985) and interview with Eugenio Baca, merchant in the town of Huaypetue, March 10, 1986.
5This statement also is based on a personal interview with Thomas Moore on March 22, 1986; see the history of gold prices shown in Table 5.2.
6Another example is the creation of the "Small Miners Association" among Cuyo Cuyeños to defend themselves from the potential threat of large companies (Chapter 8).
7Cuyo Cuyeños and other peasants who "own" mines hire a small portion of this labor force.
8See for example La República, May 12, 1978; El Comercio (Dominical), March 23, 1985.
9I have described this gift-giving tradition in a number of sections (see aphatas in Chapter 3 and the herding section in Chapter 4).
10Soccer games and metal bands are a sierra-wide cultural phenomena by which the Peruvian peasantry expresses its integration in the national economy and urban culture.
11Despite the fact that Puna Ayllu is the most populous community of the district, Puna Ayllinos sent only a small group of dancers to the Rosario fiesta of 1985. It was put together at the last minute and with much difficulty. I was also told that they had problems participating in the previous year too. Instead, Puna Ayllinos sponsor a large fiesta for the patron of their mine: the Concepción or Mamita Limaqpampa Virgin.
12Chapter 8 explains the circumstances under which partial exploitation of the placer deposits is possible during the dry season.
13In my view, this ritual for the road is more than magic for good luck. Chapter 2 discusses in some detail the importance of roads in the regional economy of the district, and as symbols of the political organization of the ayllus of Sandia in relationship to the state.
14Paraderos or lodging quarters for people of the same community are an old tradition for residents of the Sandia valley. Until the early twentieth century each district and the major ayllus of the province had several tambos, temporary lodgings, along the route to the montaña. Similarly, each community had a separate paradero in the central plaza of the capital of the district (Raimondi 1896:137, ACCP Ñacoreque).
