| Published monograph of the Production, Storage, and Exchange (PSE) in a Terraced Environment on the Eastern Andean Escarpment |
Cultivating Diversity: Field Scattering as Agricultural Risk Management in Cuyo Cuyo, Department of Puno, Peru
Footnotes to Chapter 5
1 This raises the question of why these fields are considered to be papa milli fields. Several possibilities come to mind: the first is that they become milli by virtue of having chauchas included among the varieties of potato, but this does not appear to always be the case. The second possibility is that they are used for ankachas (early harvests), but again, the data do not support this explanation categorically. Finally, it is possible that milli serves to gloss a "non-manda potato field" category, but this ad-hoc proposal is not supported by any statements recorded in the field.
2 A key aspect in the sowing of papa panq'o fields is to preserve chaucha varieties. Chaucha potatoes hold up poorly in storage.
3 The ankacha of corn appears to be timed according to the Catholic festival calendar and, as such, is moveable. In particular, the ankacha is scheduled to coincide with the days preceding Good Friday, for reasons that will be discussed in full later. Since Easter and all of its attendant holidays are moveable feasts, the ankacha of corn occurred at different times during the two years of the study. In 1986, the ankacha was in early March. In the 1987 the corn ankacha took place in mid- to late-April.
4 These figures include fields which were double-cropped (i.e., used twice during the same year) counted twice.
5 These figures on ownership were calculated with an n of 478. There are 10 fields in the sample for which data on status as either owned or unowned are the only tenancy data available. The figure of 20 fields of unknown tenancy cited above includes these 10 fields plus an additional 10 with no data at all. All of the remaining percentages cited in the text are based on an n of 468.
6 Liwa is the distribution of communal lands into private holdings. The most recent liwa in Ura Ayllu was the distribution of lands in the area known as Alto Paqhchani. Informants reported that this took place about ten years ago.
7 These and the following counts refer to all fields for which elevation data was available.
8 There is a half field recorded here and among inheritance by wives because in one case it so happened that the two partners had inherited adjoining plots of land from their parents.
9 The total field area for 1985-86 includes 15 fields for which area was estimated based on the quantity of seed, and excludes 1 field for which no measure or estimate was available. The 1986-87 figure includes 12 estimated fields and excludes the 1 field for which no estimate was possible.
10 For the first year of the study, there are 25 fields with unknown elevation and in the second year, there are 27. Unfortunately, these tend to be the fields at the lowest elevations (the maize fields), so it may be assumed that the actual minimum elevation and overall average may be lower than that reported here.
11 Two fields are known to be owned, but there are no additional data available.
12 One field is known to be owned, but there are no additional data available.
13 Such small changes can occur for a number of reasons: a field may have been rented or borrowed for only one year; a family may have run out of time and thus foregone the planting of one field, etc. Or the differences may reflect inconsistencies in the data. In particular, there are a few cases in which a field was only declared in the second year of the study that, according to the rotation, was probably also planted in the preceding year. The opposite also occurred: that is, when queried at the beginning of the second year about a particular field, informants did not recognize it. Fortunately, there are few cases such as these, perhaps five in each community.
